Castelo de São Martinho da Penha da Rainha

Portugal, Portugal

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Castelo de São Martinho da Penha da Rainha, also known as Castelo da Pena da Rainha, is a medieval roqueiro castle atop a granite massif in Abedim parish, Monção municipality, Viana do Castelo district, northern Portugal, offering panoramic views over the Minho region.

Documented since the 12th century in the Chronica Adefonsi Imperatoris and granted a foral charter by King Afonso III in 1268 as seat of the Julgado da Penha da Rainha—encompassing much of modern Monção to the Mouro River—it featured a surrounding wall, São Martinho chapel consecrated in 1204 by Tui's bishop, rock-cut dwellings, cult sites, and a sepulchral area, with a later tower of menagem atop the rocky peak.

Declining after new Minho border fortresses like Monção and Valença rendered it obsolete, its stones were reused in the early 18th century for Abedim's parish church, leaving only faint enclosure marks, tower base fragments, and archaeological traces classified as a Public Interest Site in 2020.