Tsurugajo Castle

Aizuwakamatsu, Japan, Japan

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Tsurugajo Castle in Aizuwakamatsu, Japan, originally built in 1384, is renowned for its distinctive red-tiled roof, making it unique among Japanese castles which typically have grey or black tiles.

The castle underwent significant renovations in the late 16th century under Gamo Ujisato, who expanded it to a seven-story structure, but after an earthquake in 1611, the main keep was rebuilt as a five-story building. It features expert stonework techniques for its defensive walls and moats, including undressed and finely dressed stone arrangements with drainage systems to protect structural integrity.

The castle’s layout includes several layers of baileys, fortified gates, and watchtowers designed to fend off attackers effectively. Alongside its architectural importance, Tsurugajo served as a pivotal stronghold in regional conflicts, especially during the Boshin War.

The castle was meticulously reconstructed in 1965 using traditional methods, with a restoration in 2011 that returned its roof to the historic red color, symbolizing its cultural heritage and resilience. Today, it houses a museum that showcases samurai history and the castle’s legacy, offering panoramic views from its top floor and standing as a vibrant emblem of feudal Japan’s architectural and historical heritage.