Lake Chad

Western Chad (Lac Region), Chad

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Lake Chad, located in western Chad and shared with Nigeria, Niger, and Cameroon, is one of Africa’s most important freshwater lakes and wetlands.

It supports millions of people through fishing, farming, livestock grazing, and access to water in the otherwise dry Sahel region. The lake is fed mainly by the Chari River and is known for its changing size, which varies with rainfall and seasonal conditions. Although it was once among Africa’s largest lakes, its surface area declined significantly during the late 20th century due to drought, climate change, and increased water use, making it a symbol of environmental challenges in the region.

Despite these changes, Lake Chad remains a vital ecosystem with rich fish populations, wetlands, islands, and diverse birdlife. Its ecological, economic, and cultural importance makes it one of the most significant natural features in central and western Africa.