Torre 1 de Santa Catalina

Orcera, Spain, Spain

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Torre 1 de Santa Catalina, known as the low tower, in Orcera, Jaén province, Spain, forms part of a trio of Muslim-era watchtowers from the late 12th or early 13th century—possibly with earlier Carthaginian roots dating to 237-202 BC—designed for surveillance and refuge amid the rugged hills between Orcera and Segura de la Sierra.

The most robust and closest to Orcera, it stands lower and wider than its sisters with surrounding enclosure walls built in tapial masonry, enabling defense against Castilian incursions during al-Andalus frontier conflicts. Recently restored through Junta de Andalucía funding and protected as a Cultural Interest asset since 1949, these sturdy atalaya towers highlight the strategic Sierras de Cazorla's layered military history.