Belgrade Fortress

Belgrade, Serbia, Serbia

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Belgrade Fortress, known as Kalemegdan, is a historic citadel overlooking the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers in the heart of Belgrade, Serbia, with origins tracing back to a Celtic oppidum in the 3rd century BC and a Roman castrum built by Legio IV Flavia Felix around 100 AD. Fortified through Byzantine, medieval Serbian, Ottoman, and Austrian eras—including major reconstructions by Despot Stefan Lazarević in the early 15th century with double walls dividing Upper and Lower Towns, massive towers, moats, and a deltoid castle—it endured over 115 battles and 40 destructions before becoming a public park and cultural hub in the 19th century. Today, spanning Upper Town's acropolis with Nebojsa Tower and clock, Lower Town ramparts, and Kalemegdan Park featuring museums like the Military Museum, Victor Monument, and panoramic views, it symbolizes Belgrade's turbulent yet resilient history as a Monument of Culture of Exceptional Importance.